Student Sport and Fitness

display panel of content 1. Introduction3 2. Key literature review3 3. Methodology5 4. debut of findings7 4. 1. Quantitative entropy7 4. 2. Qualitative data12 5. Data analysis14 5. 1. erudition of NTUs contain Students towards bid and sensible fitness14 5. 2. Do NTU track Students main(prenominal)tain their wellness by combat-ready in gambol and animal(prenominal) activities? 15 6. Reflections on the assembly and Utilisation of Data17 6. 1. Reflective comment18 6. 1. 1. Collection Data18 6. 1. 2. Utilisation of Data19 6. 2. Abstract Conceptualisation20 6. 3. wide awake Experimentation20 7. Conclusion21 References22 Appendices24 ? 1.Introduction Nowa years, frolic and Fitness is becoming much and to a greater extent than overhear wind in emotional state of every plurality solely over the world. According to Euro barometer (2010), it is beca map commonwealth atomic number 18 macrocosm awargon of the vital of doing maneuver and material bodily functio n to improving health dickens in physical and mental. However, callable to the miss of in sortingation in connection with university student in the UK, this report enc crapperheigates the detection and process of students towards athletic competition and fitness of students in Nottingham Trent University (NTU). The data which is utilised in this study was acquired through quantifiable and soft apparent motion.Questionnaire and interview are respectively conducted on 50 and 10 NTUs Man eonment Master Students of family course of the academic year 2011/2012. The respond localize is 100% for both types of searches. 2. Key literature review in that location are numerous studies of shimmer and fitness which illustrating vast returnss of playfulness participant. fun and PA are constituents of enhancing health and enriching the favorable interconnection to support a meaningful spiritedness to community all over the world (GRANT, 2001 COLLINS and KAY, 200328 RENFROW et al, 2011).Nevertheless, International prodigious Committee (2011) emphasised the risk of insufficient amusement and physical activities (PA) in adolescents which lead negative affect to health physically and mentally. Laverie (1998) suggests the well-nigh hearty tenabilitys hike participants are nurture fun, learn new skills, commence friends, social group. However, despite the recognition of features vitality, non everyone participate in lark and PA, peckable to the contrasts of a number of constituents.The table following illust estimates two main factors which affect amusement partnership the or so date and sexuality. There are excessively more or less studies ab egress separate(a) factors such as availability of grand space and family culture. AUTHORSMain StudyAgeGenderOther factors VAN TUYCKOM, et al. (2010)Gender and eld battles in weak bid participation across 25 European Countries. The level of participation in regular cavorting activities va ries among young adults, middle-aged adults, and previous(a) adults age categories. In general, men participate in regular sporting activities than women.COOMBES (2010)The family of PA and overweight which measured by availableness and utilisation of green spacePeople tend to be more active and participate in sport and PA when being surrounded with more green spaces RENFROW, M. S. , et al (2011)The alliance between sports participation and health-related physical fitness in middle school quantify and high school. Increase in male participant testament ontogenesis health-related physical fitness, but non womanlys due to the difference of opinion in descriptor of sport elect. BIRCHWOOD, D. et al. (2008) WHEELER, S. 2012)Family culture has substantial affect to sport participation. Living in the family which parents invest a considerable amount in sport will influence childrens sporting participation in the future. In this explore, the rule book sport is utilise non quie t down for activities which require specific skills and inflexible rules to compete against other individuals or teams in specific areas. It also involves idle physical activities which do not require competition but also pull up stakes healths benefit such as libe proportionalityn to performance at lyceumnasium.In other words, it is called folksy activities (LAOUSTET and GRIFFET, 2001). BOREHAM and RIDDOCH (2001) invite-to doe with that performing organized sports either officially or in black-tiely results healthy body for hoaryer children. Furthermore, plenty now participate in physical activities not only follow sport organisations but also on their own rooms in the streets or in a park based on the need in expanding green spaces or downtown park for informal activities (Coombes, 2010, LAOUSTET and GRIFFET, 2001). It is signifi sightt evidence demonstrating the benefit of sport and PA.The whole world transforms the consequential of sport and PA in life and there are an change magnitude number of organisations with several(prenominal) policies to incite participant in sport and PA to maintain health and fitness such as Sport England. However, the main subject is broadly children, young adult, athletic student and older populate. That is the occasion to carry protrude this report. 3. Methodology In this interrogation study, primary research was conducted with the purpose of collecting qualitative and valued data through questionnaire and matched interview.Quantitative research was conducted on the strain of 50 management curb students of Nottingham Trent University. The questionnaire was actual to examine the perception and action of students for participating in sports. The questionnaires with 14 questions ( leave more in appendix A) were given divulge to 50 management master students with the respond rate is 100%. The research attempted to focus on equally gender among respondents, yet the reality is 29 male and 21 female with a variety of age (Table 1) Table 1 absolute frequence of respondents on the basis of ages FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid1812. 02. 02. 0 2012. 02. 4. 0 2112. 02. 06. 0 22510. 010. 016. 0 23612. 012. 028. 0 241428. 028. 056. 0 251428. 028. 084. 0 2624. 04. 088. 0 2724. 04. 092. 0 3024. 04. 096. 0 3212. 02. 098. 0 3612. 02. 0100. 0 Total50100. 0100. 0 Qualitative research was conducted on 10 students. all(prenominal) interviewee was asked eight questions in spite of appearance 8 minutes duration in sightly (see more in vermiform appendix C). All interviews were recoded under permission of interviewees and tallyly were coded in order to be used in this study. Before carrying out the research, questionnaire and interview questions are piloted by all sections in group 5-cohort D. 4. Presentation of findings 4. 1.Quantitative data Fortuitously, the ratio of students which place sport in priority fructify in their passing(a) life is equally with 50% do and other 50% do not. There is an assumption that sport which was ranked as 1st, 2nd or 3rd is considered as all historic(p) in their insouciant quotidian. The result illustrates only 22 respondents (44%) who ranked sport as heavy in their perfunctory routine. Among those, there are 6 respondents who are female (Table 2). Fourth is the or so everyday ranking for importance of sport in womens day-by-day routine with 12 respondents. In any case, respondents tout ensemble agree that sport is benefit to maintain physical health.Table 2 The serious of sport in mundane routine on the basis of gender (1 as the almost important, and 6 as the least important) GenderTotalCumulative Total male personFemale How is important of sport in your daily routine? 1Count5166 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 83. 3%16. 7%100. 0% 2Count43713 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 57. 1%42. 9%100. 0% 3Count72922 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 77. 8%22. 2%100. 0% 4Count5121739 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 29. 4%70. 6%100. 0% 5Count62847 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 5. 0%25. 0%100. 0% 6Count21350 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 66. 7%33. 3%100. 0% TotalCount292150 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 58. 0%42. 0%100. 0% According to manikin 1, respondents who considered sport as important in daily life are lost from age 18th to age 30th. The middle line represents the median of the strain which means the middle value of entire age prove in this case, it is age 24th. The box size represents the distribution of the sample in this case, the sample in the first place distributed among those respondents whose ages are between 24th and 25th.Two little circles on the graph represented two values (18th age and 30th age) which extremely departed from the rest of sample. conception 1 Box plots of ages amon g respondents who rated sport as most important. In addition to those 44% of above respondents, in margin of sport, mostly they are eliminateing on fees (sport gild or gym smart present fees) (24% in 44%) following is equipment and others with 16% and 4% respectively (Table 3). Table 3 Frequency of respondents on the basis of which is spent most. FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid2856. 056. 056. 0 Equipment816. 016. 072. 0 Fees1224. 24. 096. 0 Others24. 04. 0100. 0 Total50100. 0100. 0 However, on the basis of gender, half(a) of male (8 respondents) go the most on equipment, 6 of the remainder spend on fees. On the other hands, 100% female merely spend on fees (Figure 2). Figure 2 What is the most spent on by male and female? In related to the frequency of sport participation, result signified 17 respondents doing sport 2 or 3 days per calendar week which take 34% which is demonstrated on figure 3. followers right later on are weekly and occasionally wit h 28% (14 respondents) evenly. Figure 3 Frequency of participating in sport and PARegarding the attitude and action towards doing sport, sport playing in casual focus is enjoyed the most according to 34 selections from respondents. The next most enjoyed is gymnastic activities in casual trend with 15 selections. Following is doing sport and gymnastic activities in formal way with 13 and 4 selections respectively. Conversely, the most popular way that respondents really do is doing gymnastic activities in formal way with 26 selections. Follow formally work out at gymnasium are doing gymnastic activities in casual way, doing sport casually and doing sport formally with 23, 20, 18 selections correspondingly (figure 4).Figure 4 Differences between attitude and action towards doing sport. Regarding the place students take up the most for doing sport sport high societys, gymnasium and parks are the priority choices (Figure 5). University landed estate is the least choice with only 4 selections. Figure 5 Where students choose to do sport the most. Result revealed only 24% (12 respondents) have linked sport clubs with major reasons are keep fit and having fun (include their ego and with friends).There is an open format question which asked for reason why people in general fall in sport clubs, results indicated involved for healthier, enjoyment and fitness, with the most popular reason is healthier (11 given) (Figure 6). It is noticed that only two- tertiary of total respondents admit reasons. Figure 6 Most popular reasons for students connexion sport clubs Laziness was the majority reason (34 selections) for miscarry out sport and PA of master students in NTU. Workload and fourth dimension constraint respectively followed by with 15 and 13 selections (Figure 7) Figure 7 Most popular reasons for students to fail to participate in sport 4. . Qualitative data Research attained 7 out of 10 respondents have hobby which related to sport and physical activities ( Table 4). lone(prenominal) one of them is doing sport formally that is defined as trainings with adequate facilities and coaches. irrespective of some respondents do not have sport hobby, everyone suggested sport is subjective in life. They find it is healthier compare between before and after doing sport. Table 4 Common hobby which related to sport and physical activities cited by respondents R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10 _ flow badminton and tennis or some clip go to gym.Doing sport activities, in particular training boxing. Playing basketball with friends. _Playing sport generally. Going to gymPlay football, swimming, badminton_Love swimming and skating (Note R is interpreted as Respondent) disdain of the similar sporting hobby, the reason for some respondents to participant in sport and PA is totally diverse (table 6). It is noticed not every respondents mention this in their exercises. Laziness is the reason that every respondents (100%) suggested for unsuccessful in participat ing in sport and PA. Table 6 Reasons for respondents participation in sport and PA R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10 N/ATo get ability to compete in matchesTo have fun with friends. Also it is better for health_N/AI am not kind of sport person, but command to fit my bodyTo be healthy_N/A Result discovered the difference in participation in sport and PA of several respondents who are international students (R1, R2 and R3) between in their home dealry and in the UK (Table 7) Table 7 Different in attitude of respondents R1In India go to gym twice or thrice per week In the UK no pastime in any sporting activities R2In India playing badminton, tennis In the UK go to gym only R4In Vietnam swimming, play basketball everydayIn the UK playing basketball, but not very frequency. Regarding the awareness of doing sport whether in formal or informal way, moderately, respondents are aware of so numerous opportunities to exercise around them, yet, not all of students take that. Conversely, in some cases, students are not aware that they are doing exercise by winning those opportunities. 5. Data analysis 5. 1. Perception of NTUs Master Students towards sport and fitness The objective of this research question is to clarify there is a tightly fitting relationship between sport and fitness regardless formal or informal form.Besides, it also examines the most important have sex that students join sport and PA for. At a glance, from both quantitative and qualitative data, NTU students concur sport and physical activities has a relationship to fitness. In other words, they are stand byful to maintain their health not only in physical but also in mental side. Obviously, the result ricocheted equivalent points with key literature review. Research also realised NTU Master Students neither lean towards informal nor formal sport and PA. The fact is 43 students want benefit from sport and gym in casual way and 44 students want them in formal way (Figure 3).In other words, it apprise be express quite a lot of students real do both formal and informal sport and PA. However, doing sport casually is the way they most enjoy. related to qualitative data, most of respondents (exclude respondent 3) prefer casual way doing sport mainly due to laziness and time constraint. For example, respondent 7 comprehend sport in his daily routine completely casually. His exercise mainly are walking on the street or going to gym and exercise on his way. Also according to figure 3, the matter contemplateed the difference in students attitude towards participating in sports and the action they really do.Indeed, 34 respondents enjoy playing sport casually however, only 20 students actually do that. Surprisingly, sport clubs where people can do sport formally is still the most popular place for NTU Master Students involving in sport and PA. With respect to which is spent on more in term of screeningup participants, sport/gym club fees are spent on the most regardless the gender. Addi tionally, equipment is spent on predominantly by male. It is easily sensed that, female are more likely to get involve in sport and PA which is provided with convenience such as joining club to get full facilities and assistance from trainer.On the contrary, male students not only invest in fees but also in equipment and others which are able to plead substantial support to participants. Related to other study, findings indicated the most significant reasons which encourage NTUs students join sport clubs are to be healthier, enjoyment and fitness. By means of that, it clearly proved NTU Master Student are truthfully concerned about their health. In contrast, when postulation respondents whose hobby related to sport activities for participating reasons, 3 out of 4 respondents sufficeed not related to health benefit. Competition, have fun with friends and body fit were the answers.Essentially, sport brings so many benefits in general however, the benefits transform among differen t students. Whatsoever the benefits students want, health factor always exists. Indeed, doing sport require a large volume of movements including ponderosity groups used, hence, providing more strength, flexible and endured body and health (BOREHAM and RIDDOCH, 2001) In brief, NTU Master Students moot a relationship between sport and fitness regardless the way of acting neither formally or informally. There is a difference in students attitude towards doing sport and their real action.Health is the most concern issue for them to joining sport and PA. 5. 2. Do NTU Master Students maintain their health by participating in sport and physical activities? The objective of this research question is to find out whether students maintain their health by participating in sport and PA and also expose factors influence students participating in sport and PA. From the sections above it is straightforwardly seen that, even though students recognise the important of sport in life and really car e about their health, not every of them participating in sport and PA.Only 44% respondents considered sport as important in their daily routine. However, there is not matching with other figure. In fact, up to 50% respondents stated sport is priority in their daily routine. The reason of bias might due to not reflect carefully before ranking the importance of daily activities of some respondents (question 3, see more in Appendix 1). In term of learning the frequency of participating in sport and PA of NTU Master Students, playing sport 2-3 days per week was chosen by more than two third of the sample size. Unpredictably, recitation everyday was the a couple of(prenominal)est choice with only 2 selections.Both quantitative and qualitative data reflected that laziness is the most considerable reason causing unsuccessful in doing sport and PA of NTUs student. through interviews, in addition to laziness, almost agreed they felt on joining in sport and PA because they are busy with th eir study which can be considered as the combination of workload and time constraint options in quantitative data. It is vital to understand the most considerable factors affect students concerning their involvement in sport. For NTUs Master Students, gender reflected the significant difference in their attitude towards sport and PA.Indeed, among 44% respondents above, 72% of them are male, only 28% are female. This result reflected the issue about factors which affect peoples participation in sport and PA in Van Tuyckoms study (2010). However, only partial issue corrected as age tend to not have so much influence on NTU students participation (Figure 1). The reason is probably due to the limited on chosen sample which only master students. 24th and 25th are the most popular ages in this research due to the fact that median(prenominal)ly, master students ages vary mostly between ages 22nd to age 25th.Therefore, it is understandable why respondents in 44% above mainly dispensed in t hose two ages. Added into the above, qualitative research discovered culture also played important usage in term of influence NTUs student in joining sport and PA. In more details, it is due to the differences in their social life and environment between their home countries and the UK. Respondent 2 expressed after coming to UK for study, she usually does not have so much time to exercise, therefore, going to gym and work out by her way in a short time is her solution for keeping fitness.Besides, respondent 4 who is influence to participate in sport by his friends stated due to lack of friends in the UK, he feel lack of motivation to do sport, therefore, he rather stay at home and play his best-loved com puzzleer games than involving in sport. Despite participating in sport and PA in clubs, gyms or exercise on one selfs way to keep fit and healthy there are scads of opportunities to exercise offered everywhere such as not taking a lift to go up but using a stair. by means of qu alitative research, when being asked for the awareness of opportunities to exercise of people in general, the outcome was moderately balanced.A number of respondents supposed people recognise opportunities to exercise during normal activities in life. Some of others expressed the disagreement. Respondent 4 said almost my friends like to play computer games we usually play games, so I dont deal they know what the opportunity to exercise is. Regarding whether people take opportunities to exercise or not, the results depend on their attitude towards sport and fitness, and the situation is. Respondent 3 answered because he does not really count on fitness thus, he takes lift when he feels lazy.Some respondents are capable to walk from home to school and vice versa as they enjoy exercising and also enjoy the fresh air. On the other hands, some people do not recognise themselves are exercising through their daily activities. Respondent 6 mentioned for generally female extremely love s hopping, and that can be considered as an opportunity to exercise, but not everyone know it. Concisely, NTU Master Students do participating in sport and PA to maintain their health, yet, not everyone does. Research also figured out gender and culture have influence the rate of involvement.Besides, people understand there are so many opportunities to exercise around them however, not all of them do. 6. Reflections on the Collection and Utilisation of Data Reflection is necessary in learning, which requires look back on what were been done, carefully think about it, learn from it to achieve more impelling performance (Moon, 1999). In this section, Kolbs learning cycle (1984) is used to facilitate the thoughtfulness of this report (Figure 7). I might start from reflection point forwards because concrete experience was what I have been doing from the origin to the end of this report.Figure 7 Kolbs Learning Cycle (Source Kolb, 1984 p. 23) 6. 1. Reflective Observation 6. 1. 1. Collect ion Data At the beginning, we only concentrated to other mettle mental facultys and underestimated the important of research method module. Therefore, we received almost negative feedback for fictile presentation which was the chance for us to demonstrate our understanding of the given paper as well as research questions. After the leading from module tutor, we unders in additiond what we must focus on to draw give up research questions for our given topic.After our research questions were clear, learned from previous experience, we put a lot of effort to design questionnaire and interview questions from the starting point. Once again, we received a lot of negative feedback due to the lack of experience in designing questions. It was not because the questions did not support our research but the way of asking which were quite ambiguous and direct. As, those kinds of questions might cause difficulties for respondents when extending to answer them (Bryman and Bell, 2003).We le arned from negative feedback, and redesigned them till r separatelying the most appropriate and supportive questions (see more in appendices A and C). Our group included five members had to conduct 50 questionnaires and 10 interviews. Consent form is attached to every single questionnaires and interviews for respondents to read, understand and sign in which could ensure respondents confidence. The works were divided equally to each member. give thankss to the support of the university, we could complete our mission within one week.Also, the rivet sample was our university fellows who did exactly the corresponding as we had to do. Therefore, they ready functioned us to adjoin in questionnaires as well as were being so eager to answer our interviews. Despite of that, there were some limitations when collecting data. Firstly, we totally overlooked the gender factor in our sample involved due to our just about hasty when sending out questionnaires and delivering interviews which a ffected the terminal result. The fact, gender section did not affect so much on questionnaire analysis as luckily the ifferent ratio between female and male (0. 420. 5) among questionnaire sample was not significant. However, it did not repeat with interview sample (0. 30. 5). Therefore, in final result where related to gender, I could not compare and reflect the outcome between qualitative and quantitative data. Knowing that university created favourable conditions to help us on the job(p) smoothly, so we tried to collect all quantitative data in only a few hours. That is why we could not control the quality of each form and consequently led to a number of bias data.Therefore, the results were considered as moderately convincing. blush though the questionnaire form was designed and piloted before sending out to respondents, there were a few mistakes which we did not recognise until the collecting and analysing data process had finished. For example, in questionnaire form, still there is a leading question (question 14) which appear to lead respondents in a particular direction (Bryman and Bell, 2003). Moreover, such question did not provide respondents space to express their view completely.Question 5 was quite ambiguous that do few people confused to answer and therefore led to unpredicted result. Our questionnaire involved a couple of open questions. Although answers required more time in coding but it also brought wider knowledge to us. Yet, the respond rate could not achieve 100% for those questions because it required greater effort from respondents and usually many of them did not write expansively in questionnaires. Furthermore, question 9 and 10 was likely unhelpful to research questions. 6. 1. 2. Utilisation of DataWe agreed to use Microsoft Excel as a first place where quantitative data are put together. Similarly, after interviewing, each member has a certificate of indebtedness to write down transcripts of their interviews. Our leader was responsible for putting all data together and would send it to every member with purpose of ensuring same set of data is used. After receiving all data, SPSS and Excel were used at the same time to assist me analyse quantitative data in this report. On the other hands, interview data was coded with purpose of using in qualitative analysis.Two set of data subsequently were compared and contrasted to each other to find differences and similarities. I believe our data are moderately reliable and valid. Firstly, our selected sample was menses NTU Master Students therefore the results are repeatable for those studies with same kind of sample. Even though only 85% quantitative data was used due to some of asking questions did not relevant to research questions the remaining data was helpful to deliver meaningful information which directly answered our research questions.However, it is requisite the limitation in utilising data, due to unachievable 100% respond rate in a couple of questi ons and the lack of designing questions. Indeed, there were too little options for respondents to choose in some questions. For example Question 13 actually had a wide range of answers, yet, we only provided 4 options included other options. 6. 2. Abstract Conceptualisation Bryman and Bell (200336) emphasise the vital enjoyment of research questions in implementing a research. Therefore, it is necessary and fundamental to draw appropriate research questions clearly from the starting point of a research.Consequently, qualitative and quantitative research must be designed under research questions in order to collect data that helpful in providing meaningful final results. In term of designing questions, sample size and gender ratio must be noticed to enable to gather supportive data. testing questionnaire on some of our friends before sending out to ensure all questions are useful and enable to avoiding such as leading, ambiguous questions. Besides, put more effort during collecting period to avoid randomly answer from respondents.Throughout the researching period, we experienced not only academic works but also team working. Even though this is not our first time working together, yet the first time working together for such a long time. We understand that effectiveness of the whole group brings huge autocratic effect to our results. Meeting on time, responsibility and enthusiasm are shew as important in order to achieve the most effective result. 6. 3. Active Experimentation If I had to do this report again, I would try out what I have learnt from experiences.Firstly and also the most important liaison is I would put highly concentration from the very beginning. I would remediate my designing questions skills through reading more books before starting designing. That would let off my time as well as increasing the effectiveness of the questions in particular and for whole research in general. When collecting data, I would be more concerned on choosing s ample in order to get more reliable and validity data. When analysing data, analyse skills are extremely essential to be able to get the best out of the data.With the purpose of acquire better research, I would improve my analyse skills and get better help from computer assisted such as SPSS for quantitative data or NVivo for qualitative data. Last but not least, when working with team, I would make sure that the group would follow three elements above to work as the most effective manner. 7. Conclusion Throughout this research, the research questions raised at the beginning are able to be answered. Regarding sport and fitness topic, research found out the difference between attitude and action of NTU Master Students.Furthermore, differences due to gender, culture are also discovered. In addition to sport, although students are able to recognise opportunities to exercise in their daily life, they are not likely to engage in. A number of reasons were spotted concerning the failure i n involving in sport and exercise. In general, it would bring highly effect to several health issues such as obesity which is extremely alert to not only developed countries but also developing countries. References ALAN, B. 1. , and BRYMAN, A. , 1947-, 2003. Business research methods. Oxford Oxford Oxford University Press.BIRCHWOOD, D. , ROBERTS, K. and POLLOCK, G. , 2008. Explaining differences in sport participation rates among young adults Evidence from the southerly Caucasus. European Physical Education Review, 14 (3), 283-298. BOREHAM, C. , and RIDDOCH, C. , 2001. The physical act, fitness and health of children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19 (12), 915-929. COLLINS, M. F. , and KAY, T. , 2003. Sport and social exclusion. Psychology Press. COOMBES, E. , JONES, A. P. and HILLSDON, M. , 2010. The relationship of physical activity and overweight to objectively measured green space accessibility and use.Social Science & Medicine, 70 (6), 816-822. EUROBAROMETER, 2010. Sport and Physical Activity pdf Available at http//ec. europa. eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_334_en. pdf Accessed 11/04/12 GRANT, B. C. , 2001. Youre never too old beliefs about physical activity and playing sport in later life. Ageing and Society, 21 (6), 777-798. International Olympic Committee consensus statement on the health and fitness of young people through physical activity and sport. 2011. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45 (11), 839-848. KOLB, D. A. , and KOLB, D. A. 1984. Experiential learning experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. London Englewood Cliffs, N. J. London Prentice-Hall. LAOUSTET, O. , and GRIFFET, J. , 2001. The Experience of Teenagers at Marseilles glide Park Emergence and Evaluation of an Urban Sports Site. Cities, 18 (6), 413-418. MOON, J. A. , and MOON, J. A. , 1999. Reflection in learning and professional development theory and practice. London London Kogan Page. RENFROW, M. S. , CAPUTO, J. L. , OTTO, S. M. , FARLEY, R. R. and EVELAND-SAYERS, B. , 2011.The family relationship between Sports Participation and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Middle work and High School Students. Physical Educator, 68 (3), 118-123. VAN TUYCKOM, ,CHARLOTTE, SCHEERDER, J. and BRACKE, P. , 2010. Gender and age inequalities in regular sports participation A cross-national study of 25 European countries. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28 (10), 1077-1084. WHEELER, S. , 2012. The significance of family culture for sports participation. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 47 (2), 235-252. Appendices Appendix A The questionnaire utilised to collect dataSTUDENT SPORTS AND FITNESS This questionnaire is designed as part of our research project which relating to Sport and Fitness among NTU Master Students. enrapture note that your participation is voluntary and that your data are anonymous and confidential. 1)Age .. 2)Gender ? Male ? Female 3)Please rate the following options based on the activities yo u carry out in your daily routine (Rank on the scale of 1-6, 1 being more time allocated and 6 being least time allocated). ? Sport or exercise ? University work ? Home ? Job (Part-time/full-time) ? Social life Others If you rank out sports/exercise between 1 to 3 than answer 4th question 4)Which of the followings do you spend more on (in term of sport) ? Fees (club/gym membership) ? Equipment ? Other 5)In what ways and for what reasons you choose to do sport/exercise (Select with v) EnjoyWant Benefits Casual PlaySport Formal Play Casual PlayGym Formal Play 6)How oftentimes do you play? ? Everyday ? 2-3 days per week ? Weekly ? periodic ? Occasionally 7) Does sports/exercise take the priority position in your daily routine? ? Yes? No 8) Where do you usually play sport? ? Sport clubs Parks ? University grounds ? Street ? Gymnastic ? Other options 9)Are you aware of the different sports clubs available in the university? ? Yes? No 10)Have you join a sport club? ? Yes (go to Q11)? No (go to Q12) 11) wherefore did you join? (Give 1 or 2 reasons) 12)Why do other students join sport clubs? (Give 1 or 2 reasons) 13)Think of your friends who do not do sport.Why? ? Laziness ? Workload ? Time constraint ? Other reasons 14)Do you think sports are helpful in maintaining physical health? ? Yes? No Thank you for your precious time. We would be glad to have your name and email organize if you wish to be interviewed about this phenomenon. Name Email address . Appendix B Completed questionnaire Appendix C The interview questions utilised to collect data Question 1 What hobbies/activities you like doing in your spare time?Question 2 How people perceive about sports in their daily routine? Question 3 Do you think there is a relationship between sport and fitness? Question 4 What difference do you feel before and after doing sports? Question 5 Why people engage themselves in sports? Question 6 Do people recognise opportunities to exercise? (Did you take that? Or what reason for not taking that? ) Appendix D Observation sheet that other group member has performed on my interview Appendix E Observation sheet that I have performed on my group members interview