Controlling Soil Fertility Essay -- Agriculture Farming Essays

Controlling imperfection FertilityApproximately 2 billion hectares of land, 17% of the total vegetated area of the earth has been degraded for coarse purposes since 1945 (Oldeman et al., 1990). Oldeman et al. (1990) classify about half of this degraded area as soothe permitting agricultural use, but with greatly reduced productivity, and in the rest no agriculture is deemed possible. The causes of this degradation are overgrazing (35%), agricultural activities (28%), deforestation (30%), over victimisation (7%) and industrialization (1%). Wind and water erosion are the principal mechanisms of this blemish degradation, accounting for about 56% and 28% respectively of the total 12% is attributable to chemical degradation (due to insufficient manure and fertilizer returned to moldped areas, salinization by unwise irrigation or drainage, soil acidification not corrected by liming, and befoulment caused by industrial and other urban uses) and the remaining 4% is physiologic degrad ation from compaction or flooding. (Oldeman et al., 1990) Moreover, it has become increasingly evident that although crop yields seem to be increasing, they are increasing at a decrease rate. Krauss and Allmaras (1982) argue that this is largely due to the fact that in many areas, suffering soil management is leading to soil degradation which is ignored as long as crop yields continue to rise. Technological advances such as improved cultivation systems, irrigation and pest control mask the negative personal effects of poor soil management on crop yields (Krauss and Allmaras, 1982, p85). What are the factors that commit to the suitability of a soil for agricultural purposes? To what extent can pack control these factors to halt soil degradation and maintain, enha... ..., L.R., V.W.P van Engelen, and J.H.M. Pulles. 1990. The extent of homophile induced soil degradation. Annex 5 of World Man of the positioning of Human-Induced Soil Degradation An Explanatory Note, rev. 2nd edn., International Soil role and Information Center, Wageningen, Netherlands as cited by J.Schnoor and V. Thomas, 1994, Soil as a defenseless Environmental System pp233-44 in R. Socolow, C. Andrews, F. Berkhour and V. Thomas (eds.), Industrial Ecology and global Change Cambridge University Press.Robinson, C.A., R.M. Cruse, and K.A. Kohler, 1994, Soil Management, pp 109-134 in J.L. Hatfield and D.L. Karlen (eds.) Sustainable Agricultural Systems Boca Raton, Florida, Lewis Publishers, 316pp.USGS, 1988, Essential Elements and Soil Amendments for Plants Sources and use for agriculture U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1017, U.S. Government printing Office, 48pp