History of Database Essay Example for Free

history of Data point of view EssayStoring info and files is an important aspect of business for various industries of the world. The storage of entropy in computers or selective informationbase musical arrangement is be to be cost effective. Large or small entropybase regards a governance which lead subdue the processes in the informationbases. Such industrys are called entropybase care systems (DBMS). From the time it was knowing, the need for a good DBMS has increase beca intent of the escalating number of selective information inventoryd in the database. There are many avail able-bodied DBMS that private corporations affair today. Indeed, database counseling systems produce evolved due to the entreat for the services that these systems provide. Database Management formation A database anxiety system is a collection of programs which enables the user or a network of users to mange files and data wrong the database. The management includes storing, dele ting, modifying, and extracting discipline from the database. It manages the request of the user and former(a) programs installed in the computer or in the network. The DBMS find outs the integrity and dependability of the data. Some DBMS also provide security to the database (Tatum, 2003).There are many distinct forms of database management systems available in the commercialise today because of the opposite private and public organizations or corporations which convey different kinds of DBMS. However, in that location are four important elements that e actually DBMS have. These are the positioning dustup, data structures, data query language and mechanism that allows transactions (Tatum, 2003). The vexing language is the element that pertains to the approach used by the DBMS to communicate with the database. There are several approaches available today including hierarchical, relative, network and object-oriented (Christiansen, 2005).The hierarchical model makes use of pointers to navigate between stored data which is stored hierarchically in a downward tree. The structure is very inflexible in changing data and access requirements. The data is accessed by navigating from the root data to the data on the lower part of the hierarchy. In addition, the user should know the structure of the system before he or she give the sack make an inquiry (Hsior, n. d. ). The network model is like the hierarchical model. It uses pointers to navigate through and through with(predicate) the data but it does not use a downward tree structure.It has limited flexibility in changing data and accessing requirements. Access to the data is accomplished by navigating through the structure and issuing special(prenominal) statements to find specific data types in relation to the starting point of the structure (Hsior, n. d. ). In comparative model, the data is stored in the two-dimensional tables. The data in the relational method is hold ind based on the relational possible action of mathematics. The data types in this model are assigned with a symbolic primary cite or foreign key construction. The referential integrity of the model is supported by the relational supposition of mathematics.This model is very flexible to the data changes and access requirements. And the access to data types is based on relational algebra and relational calculus statements (Hsior, n. d. ). And lastly, the object-oriented model stores data as objects. This model is much direct than its predecessors since the invention is very close to the real world model. The object-oriented model allows an easier way to maintain the database. The identification of objects is assigned by the system which protects the consistency of the data while in the relational systems, it is assigned by the user.The database does not only store data but a whole application as well. Moreover, it can be executed inside the database. The concept of inheritance in this model makes code easi ly reusable. Furthermore, the object-oriented model is more practical and more economical (Hsior, n. d. ). The data structures are the elements that a DBMS manages inside the database. Different databases require different data structures which different DBMS manage. Data structures include individual records, files, fields and objects such as media files.DBMS need to define data structures to ensure the integrity of the data while it is being accessed. The data query language is the element which takes care of the security of the database. It monitors login data, assigns access rights and privileges, and defines the criteria for the add data function in the data base (Tatum, 2003). History The origin of database can be traced back to libraries, governments and other institutions that require storage of data. The DBMS was designed to ensure the integrity, security and accessibility of data. The design of the DBMS constantly evolves through time.It aims to create a design of which h as ruin dependability and performance (Mann, 2003). In the 1800, Jose Marie Jacquard had created a work, Jacquard Loom, which produced fabric from stored design from a pigeon berry card. The data of the design is stored in punch cards where holes represent the details in the design. In this way, the Jacquard Loom automatically designs the loom depending on the punch card in use (Tatum, 2003). Similar technology was used in the 1890 as Herman Hollerith created a mechanism that recorded information in a punch card which was coded numerically.The judgment is that the data can punch in specific locations in the card, and then it can be counted and take automatically. This design was used by the US government to perform the census. Holleriths company solely produces the machine that records the data in the punch card and another machine that tabulates and sorts the cards. This company is renamed to IBM. The company expanded as it was able to produce machines that can record data for business and government institutions during 1910 towards 1960. The systems have records of every household and other data compulsory for the analysis of the society (Tatum, 2003).By 1955, many business and government institutions have floors use for the storage of punched cards and floors for the machines. The machines work with punch-board which control accumulator registers that could reproduce punched cards or put data on paper. Some very large companies accumulate tons of data everyday that costs millions on storage. Thus, the need for a new technology has become very imminent (Tatum, 2003). In the 1960s, private organizations and corporations needed computers that have better storage capabilities and computers are proven to be cost effective against ordinary punch cards.In line with this, database administrators needed database management systems to cope with the change magnitude data storage mental object of computers and the increase number of data being stored. The hierarchical and network model are the two main data models developed which were used in database management systems during the earlier years. They make use of pointers which was used to navigate through records. In these models, there were difficulties in adding another field in the higher level since it will require rewriting the scheme for access in the lower level data.In this system, the emphasis of the model was laid on the type of data to be processed and not the over all structure of the system. In addition, the user who will need access to the data should know the structure of the database before he can make a query for information (Vaughn, 2003). In the early 1970s, the Edgar F. Codd proposed a relational approach in manipulating data in the database. He published an article entitled A relational model of data for large shared data banks which became the foundation in the development of the relational database.The article showed a theory of how to store data in a rectang ular or in two-dimensional tables and then use the theory of mathematical sets to operate on it. The relational databases represent the first implementation of the real database management system. Since then, the relation model had been the most popular or standard approach for database management systems (Vaughn, 2003). In the mid-70s, the theory of Codd on relational databases was put into research projects by several competing camps. During this time, the term relative Database Management trunk or the RDBMS was coined.During these times, there are two main prototypes based on the relational were developed. These are the System R developed by the IBM and Ingres developed by the University of California at Berkeley. These two prototypes led to different kinds of DBMS. The two lines of DBMS created by the two prototypes used different query languages. IBMs System R uses the Structured Query Language (SQL) and the UCBs Ingres uses QUEL short for query language. Also in mid-1970s, P eter P. subgenus Chen proposed the Entity-Relationship Model for the database design which gave a new insight in the conceptual models of a database management system.This model gives the designer of the database management system a way to concentrate more on the use of data instead of its logical structure like other method does (Vaughn, 2003). In the early 1980s, the commercialization of the Relational Database Management System began to intensify due to the increasing demand of databases in corporations around the world. The higher demand was caused by the emerging business in the United States and other countries around the world. Another reason is that organizations and corporations had increasing number of data needed to be stored.Businesses rely on computers for their data storage thus a better database management system is needed to manage large databases that these businesses have. At the same time, many companies made some products which give individual users to maintain a small database in their own computer (Vaughn, 2003). In the rest of the 1980s, SQL had become the standard query language for many databases which was caused by the emergence of the local playing field network. The Oracle Corporation made the first commercial relational database. Moreover, the network and hierarchical models faded to the background.However, there are still others that use the network and hierarchical models (Vaughn, 2003). It was during the early 1990s when the manufacturing of databases had a shakeout and there are only a few companies that survived for offering better products. The most important development on the computer industry was on application builders and programming languages. During these times, the prototype of the object-oriented database management system was introduced. The object-oriented DBMS is conceptualized to negociate big and complex data that relational database management systems had a hard time to handle (Vaughn, 2003).In the mid-1990s , the influx of profits use revived the need for database industry. This demand came from internet servers in order to manipulate the large amounts of data which must be made accessible to internet users. Better security and reliability is also needed to protect the client-users and the information itself from corruption and tamper. As such, only a good database management system can provide this. In addition, the database industry during these times has reached the setting computers in the users own homes.This provides desktop computer users to manage their own small database or access the large databases on the internet (Vaughn, 2003). In the late 1990s, the industry prospered in terms of internet sales and database tools. The e-commerce industry boomed since business transactions have been done online. The Online Transaction Processing and the Online Analytical Processing emerged (Vaughn, 2003). However, in the early 21st century, there has been a decline in the internet indust ry. Nonetheless, the database industry is still maturation because the demand for a bigger database and better DBMS is steadily growing.There are other interactive applications that emerged during these times. Three companies have dominated the database industry including Microsoft, Oracle and IBM (Vaughn, 2003). Nowadays, huge systems require a good way to manage and analyze data. These databases storage capacity for the data now reaches the terrabyte level. Such databases are science databases which hold genome projects, national security, and space exploration data. shop online is also one of the common practices today. Millions of buyers participate on this application, thus requiring a larger database and good discourse abilities.There are researches today that is said to surpass the capabilities of the SQL. This development will ensure another meaningful growth in the database industry (Vaughn, 2003). Future Trends Mobile database is now emerging in various ways. This techn ology will secure a more remote access to database. Additionally, more and more people will access a single database at a time. As such, proper management is needed to ensure the continuous service and to prevent a system crush (Vaughn, 2003). Object-oriented database management system is predicted to dominate the database market as well as other computer markets.The emergence of the use of this model threatens to wipe other database models (Vaughn, 2003). As time goes by, there are certain issues that have risen alongside the creation of larger databases. Ethical issue is one of them the larger the database is, the harder that people can efficiently manage it. Consequently, it is easier for perpetrators to subtly sound a system without being known by the administrators. In addition, some databases use automatic analyzing application which is sometimes unethical to use (Vaughn, 2003). Evidently, the database evolved from simple punched cards to huge mainframes.The advances in datab ase technology have propelled the growing need for large data storage and management tools to access and analyze it. The database management system evolved as billions of information are generated by large business and government institutions everyday. The demand still grows as the internet community is still continuously growing. The future of database industry is very clear it will continue to prosper and advance as the world continuously develops. References Christiansen, S. (2005). Database Management System. Retrieved April 10, 2009, from http//searchsqlserver. techtarget. com/sDefinition/0,,sid87_gci213669,00. html Hsior, J. (n. d. ).Evolution of Database Systems. Retrieved April 12, 2009, from http//w3. ocit. edu. tw/ben/foxpro6/article/english/ch01/page04. htm Mann, M. (2006). History and Comparison of Relational Database Management Systems. TechnoCircle HVB Information Services. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from http//www. guug. de/lokal/muenchen/2007-05-14/rdbmsc. pdf Tatum, M. (2003). What is DBMS? Retrieved April 10, 2009, from http//www. wisegeek. com/what-is-dbms. htm Vaughn, J. (2003). A short Database History. Hobart and William Smith Colleges. Retrieved April 12, 2009, from http//math. hws. edu/vaughn/cpsc/343/2003/history. html